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Selling a House With Foundation Issues - What Every Seller Needs To Know

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Foundation issues occur when the ground beneath a home becomes unstable, which can affect the integrity of the building.

If you’re seeing cracks in your interior or exterior walls, or noticing doors and windows jamming, it’s possible your home has foundation problems. While these issues are serious, they don’t make it impossible to sell. 

In fact, there are several options available to homeowners facing this situation.

Table of Contents
Selling A House With Foundation Issues

1. What Are My Options?

If your home has foundation issues, you have a few key options when it comes to selling:

  • Repair the foundation yourself

You can choose to fix the problem before listing your home. Hiring a structural engineer is the first step. They will assess the damage and recommend the necessary repairs, which can range from simple crack repairs to more extensive foundation work. 

While this option requires a financial investment, homes with solid foundations typically attract a wider buyer pool and a higher selling price. It also gives you the ability to market the home as “move-in ready,” which many buyers prefer.

  • Sell the house as-is

If you’re not in a position to take on the repair costs or the time involved, you can still sell your home in its current condition. When selling a house with known foundation problems, it’s important to be upfront about the issues. You’ll be required by law to disclose the condition of the property, including any foundation problems, to potential buyers. 

Selling as-is may attract fewer buyers, but it appeals to cash buyers and investors who are willing to take on repair projects. Keep in mind that selling as-is often results in a lower selling price since buyers will factor in the cost of repairs.

  • Use a quick home-buying company

Another option is to sell your home to a company that specializes in buying properties quickly, even if it has major issues like foundation problems. These companies often pay in cash and can complete the sale within days. While this is a fast and convenient solution, it comes at the cost of accepting a lower price than the home’s market value without foundation issues.

Each of these options comes with its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on your timeline, budget, and personal circumstances.

The decision of whether to repair the foundation or sell the house as-is depends largely on whether the investment in repairs will result in a higher sale price that justifies the cost and time involved.

2. How Do I Know If My House Has Foundation Issues?

Cracks in walls or ceilings can be alarming, but not all cracks indicate foundation problems. Some may simply be the result of normal settling, especially in newer homes. However, there are several signs that suggest more serious foundation issues:

  • Large, diagonal cracks: Foundation-related cracks are typically larger than ⅛ inch (3mm) wide and tend to run diagonally across walls. If the cracks are wider at the top than at the bottom, this could indicate uneven settling of the foundation.
  • Cracks around doors and windows: Because doors and windows create natural weak points in the structure of a house, cracks appearing in these areas may signal a foundation issue. If doors and windows are difficult to open or close, or they appear misaligned, this could also be a sign of shifting in the foundation.
  • Gaps between walls and structures: Pay attention to any gaps between walls, ceilings, floors, or around door and window frames. These gaps indicate that the structure is shifting or pulling apart as a result of foundation movement.
  • Sloping or uneven floors: If the floors in your home are noticeably slanted or uneven, this could be a sign of significant foundation issues. Over time, shifting foundations can cause the flooring to warp or sink.
  • Separation between additions: If your home has an extension or addition, a gap between the original structure and the new one might indicate that the foundation beneath the addition is unstable.
  • Rippling wallpaper: While this could also be a sign of moisture, rippling in wallpaper may suggest that the wall underneath is shifting due to foundation movement. To determine if moisture is the cause, check for dampness or a musty smell in the area.

 

None of these signs definitively confirm foundation issues, but they are red flags that should prompt further investigation. The best way to know for sure is to hire a structural engineer to conduct a thorough inspection. In many cases, your home insurance company can help cover the cost of an inspection, especially if the issues are discovered during a routine home inspection.

Sell A House With Foundation Issues

3. What Causes Foundation Issues?

Foundation problems arise when the ground beneath a home becomes unstable. This can occur for several reasons:

  • Soil composition: Certain types of soil are more prone to shifting than others. Clay soils, for example, are particularly susceptible to changes in moisture content. In wet conditions, clay expands, and in dry conditions, it shrinks, causing the ground to move and, consequently, the foundation to shift.
  • Poor drainage: Water is one of the biggest culprits when it comes to foundation issues. Poor drainage around your home can lead to water pooling near the foundation, which weakens the soil and causes it to shift. Over time, this can lead to cracks and movement in the foundation.
  • Tree roots: Large trees near your home can be problematic. Their roots spread out and absorb significant amounts of water from the soil. This can cause the ground to dry out and shrink, leading to foundation problems.
  • Leaking pipes: If there are water pipes running beneath your home that are leaking, the soil around the foundation can become saturated, weakening the ground and leading to foundation movement.
  • Old construction or mining activity: Homes built near areas with past mining activity or on unstable ground are at higher risk for foundation problems. As tunnels or ground beneath the surface collapse, it can cause subsidence or shifting in the foundation of homes built above these areas.

Understanding the causes of foundation problems can help you take preventative steps to protect your home. Regularly checking drainage systems, maintaining proper moisture levels in the soil around your home, and monitoring nearby tree growth can all help reduce the risk of foundation issues.

Houses That Might Be At Risk

Even if your house doesn’t show obvious signs of foundation issues, it could still be at risk, especially if it’s an older property. 

In the US, building codes have evolved over time, particularly in the late 1800s, when larger and more stable foundations became standard. However, homes built before this period, or even early in the 20th century, may have smaller or more shallow foundations. These homes could be at greater risk of foundation problems, especially if they haven’t been retrofitted or “underpinned” to improve stability.

For homes that are several decades or even centuries old, it’s possible they have undergone foundation reinforcement in the past. This process, called underpinning, involves strengthening or deepening the foundation to provide additional support. However, not all old homes have been upgraded, and those that still rest on shallow foundations may experience movement over time, putting them at risk for issues like settling or shifting.

Is Foundation Repair Fixable?

Foundation issues do not mean your home is beyond saving. There are several effective solutions for repairing foundation problems, and the good news is that not all of them require massive and expensive work. Many homeowners are relieved to find that the repairs are more straightforward and less costly than expected. Let’s explore a few common methods of foundation repair and their associated costs:

  • Mass concrete underpinning: This method involves digging small cavities under the existing foundation and filling them with concrete to create a new, stable base. Because it’s relatively simple labor, it’s one of the more affordable options. Costs can vary depending on the size of the area that needs reinforcement, but the average cost is around $2,200 to $11,000 nationwide. Larger homes with more extensive issues may see the cost increase significantly.
  • Soil injection method: If the problem is unstable soil, one solution is to inject a resin mixture into the ground beneath the foundation. This resin expands, filling cracks and stabilizing the soil around the home. This technique is especially useful in areas with loose or shifting soils. The cost of soil injection is typically higher, averaging $600 per square yard. The amount you’ll need depends on the size of the affected area, and whether the soil needs widespread stabilization.
  • Beam and base underpinning: For homes with foundations that are too weak or too small, beam and base underpinning is a more advanced repair method. Concrete bases are placed at key points under the home, and a concrete beam is installed to transfer the weight of the structure onto these new supports. This is one of the most expensive methods, costing around $750 per square yard, but it’s essential for homes with major foundational deficiencies.

How to Proceed

The best course of action depends on the severity of the foundation issues and the size of your home. If the problem is localized to one area, a less expensive solution like mass concrete underpinning may be sufficient. 

Larger homes or those with more extensive damage may require more significant work, including full beam and base systems. The overall cost will also depend on factors like the number of stories in your house (homes with multiple floors require additional support) and whether any interior finishes, like flooring or walls, need to be redone after repairs.

Fortunately, you don’t need to make these decisions on your own. A structural engineer will assess the situation and recommend the most effective repair method for your specific case. While foundation repairs are an investment, they often pay off by maintaining or even increasing your home’s value, especially when you plan to sell.

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4. Is Foundation Damage Covered by Home Insurance?

The good news is that foundation issues are often covered by homeowners’ insurance, but there are some important factors to keep in mind. 

If you suspect foundation problems, your first step should be to contact your insurance provider to see if your policy covers repairs. Typically, your insurer will arrange for an engineer to visit and assess the situation. This engineer will provide recommendations for the most appropriate course of action.

However, the repair timeline can vary. If the problem is straightforward, repairs may begin shortly after the inspection. But for more serious issues, it’s possible that the insurer will need to monitor the foundation over time before deciding on a solution. Monitoring can help detect ongoing movement and ensure that the repairs address the root of the problem, not just the symptoms.

It’s important to note that even if your insurance covers foundation repairs, you’ll likely have to pay an excess—the portion of the repair costs that you are responsible for. The amount of this deductible will vary depending on your policy, but it could be as much as $1,000 or more.

Pro Tip: Not all policies cover every type of foundation issue. For example, insurance typically doesn’t cover foundation damage caused by natural settling or aging unless it is tied to a specific event, like a plumbing leak or other sudden event.

5. Will I Be Able to Sell a House With Foundation Problems?

You might be surprised to learn that many buyers are willing to take on homes with foundation problems, especially if the property is in a desirable location or has unique features like extra land. 

Buyers interested in flipping homes or investing in real estate may be willing to buy even if significant repairs are needed. In some cases, buyers may even look at your property as an opportunity to rebuild or demolish part of the structure, particularly in areas where land values are high.

That said, foundation issues can pose a challenge when it comes to securing financing. Mortgage lenders are often reluctant to approve loans for homes with significant foundation problems, which could limit your pool of potential buyers. Some lenders may refuse to finance homes with a history of foundation repair, even if the issue has been fixed and certified.

One way to avoid this problem is to focus on cash buyers. Investors, property developers, and some landlords often have the funds available to purchase properties without going through a mortgage process. They can bypass the complications involved with lenders, making the sale faster and less complicated.

Another option is selling through a home-buying company, which purchases homes in any condition. These companies usually buy with cash, eliminating the need to navigate mortgage approval, but they typically offer a lower price compared to the open market.

6. How Much Does Foundation Damage Devalue a Property?

Foundation damage does affect the value of your property, but the extent of the devaluation depends on several factors. If you’ve already had the foundation repaired and it’s been certified, you can expect to receive offers close to market value. 

However, some buyers may still be hesitant and try to negotiate the price down, citing concerns over the home’s history of foundation problems. In this case, your real estate agent can help manage buyer expectations and negotiate a price that reflects the true value of the home, post-repair.

If the foundation has not been repaired, buyers will generally expect to reduce their offer by an amount that reflects the estimated repair cost. For example, if the foundation repair is expected to cost $50,000, buyers will often want to deduct that amount from the asking price. Additionally, buyers who need a mortgage may face higher interest rates due to the perceived risk, which they might also try to factor into their offer.

While foundation problems are undoubtedly serious, they don’t make selling impossible. By understanding your options and working with professionals, you can navigate these challenges and sell your home, even with foundation issues.

7. What Happens if I Don’t Disclose Foundation Problems to Buyers?

When selling a home in the US, it’s your legal responsibility to disclose certain known issues about the property. Every state has specific disclosure laws, and while they may differ slightly, they generally require sellers to provide buyers with detailed information about any major issues, including foundation problems.

Once you’ve secured a buyer, you’ll typically be asked to fill out a seller’s disclosure form. This form covers various aspects of your home’s condition, including:

  • Any major repairs or structural alterations you’ve made.
  • Information about property boundaries, such as who owns the fences or walls around the home.
  • Details on local environmental risks like flooding, earthquakes, or landslides.
  • Known zoning issues or whether there are pending changes that might affect the neighborhood.

While not every state may have a specific question about foundation issues on their disclosure forms, buyers’ agents and attorneys will likely uncover them through home inspections, title searches, and local government records. Buyers commonly hire a professional inspector who will conduct a full assessment of the property, and for older or distressed homes, a full structural survey is often recommended. Any significant foundation problems are almost certain to be uncovered during this process.

Failing to disclose foundation issues can have serious consequences. Not only does it create delays in the sale process, but it can also lead to legal problems down the line. If your buyers discover after closing that you knowingly withheld information about major foundation problems, they could potentially sue you for damages. If a court finds that you were dishonest or failed to disclose critical information, you could be liable for significant financial compensation, including the cost of repairs and additional damages.

For these reasons, it’s always best to be upfront about any foundation problems from the beginning. Being honest with potential buyers helps avoid complications and builds trust, increasing the likelihood of a smooth sale. 

Most buyers appreciate transparency, even when there are issues with the home, and it can prevent disputes or canceled deals later in the process.

DO's and DON'Ts When Selling a House With Foundation Issues

DO’s

DON’Ts

DO Get a Professional Inspection

  • Hire a licensed structural engineer to assess the extent of the foundation issues.
  • Obtain a detailed report outlining necessary repairs and estimated costs.

DON’T Hide or Ignore Foundation Issues

  • Don’t assume buyers won’t notice; inspections will likely reveal issues.
  • Avoid concealing problems, as this can lead to lawsuits.

DO Get a Professional Inspection

  • Hire a licensed structural engineer to assess the extent of the foundation issues.
  • Obtain a detailed report outlining necessary repairs and estimated costs.

DON’T Underestimate Repair Costs

  • Don’t guess repair expenses without professional estimates.
  • Underestimating costs can lead to pricing errors and deter buyers

DO Consider Repairing the Foundation

  • Evaluate the benefits of making repairs before listing your home.
  • Get multiple quotes from reputable contractors to understand costs.

DON’T Neglect Minor Repairs and Aesthetics

  • Don’t overlook small fixes that can improve buyer impressions.
  • However, don’t use cosmetic fixes to hide major problems.

DO Price Your Home Appropriately

  • Adjust the asking price to reflect foundation issues if selling as-is.
  • Consider offering repair credits to potential buyers.

DON’T Limit Your Buyer Pool

  • Don’t assume only investors are interested; some buyers may be open to repairs.
  • Market to a wide audience to increase your chances of a sale.

DO Market Transparently

  • Highlight positive aspects like location and unique features.
  • Provide inspection reports and repair estimates upfront to build trust.

DON’T Rush Into Low Offers Without Consideration

  • Don’t feel pressured to accept the first lowball offer.
  • Evaluate all offers carefully and consider negotiating terms.

DO Explore All Selling Options

  • Consider selling to cash buyers or investors who specialize in fixer-uppers.
  • Look into home-buying companies for a quicker sale, if needed.

DON’T Forget to Negotiate Terms

  • Be open to discussions about price, repairs, or closing costs.
  • Flexibility can facilitate a successful sale beneficial to both parties.

Let Hardy Assist You

Get Trusted Advice

If selling your home quickly and stress-free sounds right for you, contact us. Our service is all about linking you with reliable, local investors who understand your situation. Click below to find out more.

We aim to assist as many people as possible, which is why we created this comprehensive article. 

If you’re looking to sell your home, reach out to us today via email.

Based on your preferences and circumstances, we’ll connect you for free with one of our thoroughly vetted, ethical partners. 

They will help you sell your home for the best realistic offer. They handle all the legal processes and fees, ensuring you receive the cash directly in your bank account. With our partners, you can achieve a very fast sale or take your time if you’re not in a rush. 

While faster sales often result in a lower price, they save you valuable time. Ultimately, it all depends on your specific needs and preferences.

Resources for Further Help

We hope this guide has provided you with a comprehensive overview of selling a house with foundation issues. Armed with this information, you can move forward confidently, knowing how to approach repairs, disclosures, and your options for selling. Here are some resources to support your next steps:

Foundation Repair Costs
Foundation repairs vary widely depending on the severity and method. For a general idea of average costs, visit this site for updated information on foundation repair estimates and comparisons of different underpinning techniques.

Keep in mind that each property is unique, so use these estimates as general guidelines only.

Seller Disclosure Forms by State
Disclosure laws vary, so make sure to access the appropriate seller disclosure form for your state. These forms are essential for disclosing known foundation issues and other material defects to potential buyers. Check with Justia for resources on seller disclosure requirements, you’ll have to select the relevant state to you.

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